In 1892, Lilienthal's training area was a hill formation called "Maihöhe" in Steglitz, Berlin. Lilienthal performed his first gliding attempts in mid-1891 at the so-called "Windmühlenberg" near to the villages of Krielow and Derwitz which are located west of Potsdam. His brother Gustav (1849–1933) was living in Australia at the time, and Lilienthal did not engage in aviation experiments until his brother's return in 1885. This invention gave him the financial freedom to focus on aviation. His engine was much safer than the other small engines of the time. While his lifelong pursuit was flight, Lilienthal was also an inventor and devised a small engine that worked on a system of tubular boilers. Gustav (left) and Paul Baylich, August 1932 The unveiling ceremony of the new monument in Berlin. Sturmflügelmodell 1894 20 104 6.6 14.8 Original can be seen at the Technisches Museum Wien. Original gliders or fragments are preserved in museums in London, Moscow, Munich and Washington. Aircraft produced by Otto Lilienthal Name Date Wing Glider Notes Span He speculated that flapping wings of birds might be necessary and had begun work on such a powered aircraft. These included making a biplane which halved the wing span for a given wing area, and by having a hinged tailplane that could move upwards to make the flare at the end of a flight easier. Lilienthal made many attempts to improve stability with varying degrees of success. Only his legs and lower body could be moved, which limited the amount of weight shift he could achieve.
One reason for this was that he held the glider by his shoulders, rather than hanging from it like a modern hang glider. However they were difficult to maneuvre and had a tendency to pitch down, from which it was difficult to recover. Lilienthal controlled them by changing the center of gravity by shifting his body, much like modern hang gliders. His gliders were carefully designed to distribute weight as evenly as possible to ensure a stable flight. It is one of five surviving Lilienthal gliders in the world.ĭuring his short flying career, Lilienthal developed a dozen models of monoplanes, wing flapping aircraft and two biplanes. Restored 1894 glider displayed at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington, D.C. Lilienthal published his famous book Birdflight as the Basis of Aviation in 1889. After marriage, they took up residence in Berlin and had four children: Otto, Anna, Fritz, and Frida. Music brought them together she was trained in piano and voice while Lilienthal played the French horn and had a good tenor voice. On 6 June 1878, Lilienthal married Agnes Fischer, daughter of a deputy. He founded his own company to make boilers and steam engines.
Returning to civilian life, he was a staff engineer with several engineering companies and received a patent, his first, for a mining machine. In 1867, Lilienthal began experiments in earnest on the force of air, but interrupted the work to serve in the Franco-Prussian War. He later attended the Royal Technical Academy in Berlin.
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He attended the regional technical school in Potsdam for two years and trained at the Schwarzkopf Company before becoming a professional design engineer. Fascinated by the idea of manned flight, Lilienthal and his brother made strap-on wings, but failed in their attempts to fly. Lilienthal attended grammar school and studied the flight of birds with his brother Gustav (1849–1933). The brothers worked together all their lives on technical, social, and cultural projects. Lilienthal's middle-class parents had eight children, but only three survived infancy: Otto, Gustav, and Marie. His parents were Gustav and Caroline, née Pohle. Lilienthal was born on in Anklam, Pomerania Province, German kingdom of Prussia.
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